A Arqueologia na Era Digital: Contexto e tendências
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37467/gka-revhuman.v1.688Palabras clave:
novas tecnologias, era digital, arqueologiaResumen
Desde a sua génese, a Arqueologia encontra-se entre as ciências naturais e as ciências sociais e humanísticas. Esta posição partilhada e a procura de uma maior compreensão dos seus objetos de estudo específicos, criou nos profissionais de Arqueologia uma necessidade de recorrerem a várias metodologias (e tecnologias) originárias de outras disciplinas. De forma similar a outras ciências, a Arqueologia é uma área permeável à experimentação e aplicação de conceitos teórico-práticos exógenos que levou, inclusive, à formação de diversas especialidades que unem a Arqueologia e outras áreas, como a Zooarqueologia. Como aconteceu ao longo da sua história, o meio académico está perante um momento de mudança na forma como se processa a aquisição de conhecimento. O fato de estarmos na Era Digital da globalização faz com que a adaptação do meio académico a esta realidade seja mais continuada, não sendo a Arqueologia alheia a esta transformação. Após uma breve introdução ao novo "paradigma digital" das humanidades, revemos alguns dos principais usos de tecnologias relacionadas com o uso da Internet no apoio à investigação em Arqueologia (e.g., bases de dados enriquecidas), e descrevemos algumas questões relacionadas com o uso de novas ferramentas e técnicas, seus principais obstáculos e tendências.
Citas
Baca, M. (ed.) (2008). Introduction to Metadata: revised edition. Universidade de Michigan: Getty Research Institute.
Bargmeyer, B. E. e Gillman, D. W. (2000). “Metadata standards and Metadata registries: an overview”. Paper presented at the International Conference on Establishment Surveys II, Buffalo, New York.
Bazillion, R. J. (2001). “Academic libraries in the digital revolution: libraries in the midst of revolution need new ways of thinking about their mission”. Educate Quarterly, 1, 51-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2001.0014
Berners-Lee, T. (1998). The World Wide Web: a very short personal history. Disponível on-line em http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/ShortHistory.html (acesso em 27/06/2012).
Betts, M. W., Maschner, H. D. G., Schou, C. D., Schlader, R., Holmes, J., Clement, N. e Smuin, M. (2011). “Virtual zooarchaeology: building a web-based reference collection of northern vertebrates for archaeofaunal research and education”. Journal of Archaeological Science, 38(4), 755-762. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2010.06.021
Borgman, C. (2007). Scholarship in the Digital Age: information, infrastructure and the internet. The MIT Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/7434.001.0001
Brockman, W. S., Neumann, L., Palmer, C. L. e Tidline, T. J. (2001). Scholarly work in the humanities and the evolving Information environment. Washington: Digital Library Federation, Council on Library and Information Resources. Disponível on-line em http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub104/pub104.pdf (acesso em 01/07/2012).
Canals, A., Rodríguez, J. e Sánchez, R. (2008). “The 3COORsystem for data recording in archaeology”. Journal of Anthropological Sciences 86, 133-141.
Carusi, A. e Reimer, T. (2010). Virtual research environment collaborative landscape study: a JISC funded project (January 2010). JISC Technology and Standards Watch. Bristol: JISC. Disponível on-line em http://www.jisc.ac.uk (acesso em 25/06/2012).
Ciolek, T. M. (2005). “From Private Ink to Public Bytes: the epistemological effects of Internet publishing on scholarship in the social sciences and humanities”. Em: J. S. Wasilewski e A. Zadrozynska (eds.), Horyzonty Antropologii Kultury [Horizons of Anthropology of Culture] (pp. 33-49), Warszawa: DiG, Instytut Etnologii i Antropologii Kulturowej UW.
Cleveland, G. (1998). Digital Libraries: definitions, issues and challenges. UDT Ocasional Paper 8. Disponível on-line em http://ifla.queenslibrary.org/VI/5/op/udtop8/udt-op8.pdf (acesso em 28/06/2012).
Flanders, J. (1999). “Scholarly Habits and Digital Resources: observations from a user survey”. Women Writers Project. Disponível on-line em http://www.wwp.brown.edu/research/publications/reports/rwo/rwo_initial_report.html (acesso 02-05-2012).
Flanders, J. (2009). “The Productive Unease of 21st-century Digital Scholarship.” Digital Humanities Quarterly, 3(3). Disponível on-line em http://digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/3/3/000055/000055.html (acesso em 24-05-2012).
Forte, M. (2010). Cyber-Archaeology. (BAR S2177) Oxford: Archaeopress. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30861/9781407307213
Gartner, R. (2008). Metadata for digital libraries: state of the art and future directions. JISC Technology and Standards Watch. Bristol: JISC. Disponível on-line em http://www.jisc.ac.uk/techwatch (acesso em 27/06/2012).
Griffin, S. M. (2005). “Funding for Digital Libraries Research: Past and Present”. D-Lib Magazine, 11(7/8). Disponível on-line em http://www.dlib.org (acesso em 06/07/2012). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1045/july2005-griffin
Hardman, C. e Richards, J. D. (2003). “OASIS: dealing with the Digital Revolution”. Em: M. Doerr e A. Sarris (eds.), CAA2002: The Digital Heritage of Archaeology. Computer applications and quantitative methods in archaeology (pp. 325-328). Athens: Archive of Monuments and Publications, Hellenic Ministry of Culture.
Huggett, J. (2006). “Ten Years of the ADS”. Archaeology Data Service Online 19. Disponível on-line em http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/newsletter/issue19/10yrs.html (acesso em 06/07/2012).
Hyman, M. e Renn, J. (2007). From research challenges of the humanities to the epistemic web (Web 3.0). NSF/JISC Repositories Workshop, April 17-19, 2007, Phoenix, Arizona.
Kansa, S. W. (ed.) (2011). Special Forum: digital communication and collaboration: perspectives from zooarchaeology. The SAA archaeological record 11(1).
Kansa, E. C. e Kansa, S. W. (2011a). “Towards a do-it-yourself cyberinfrastructure: open data, incentives, and reducing costs and complexities of data sharing”. Em: E. C. Kansa, S. W. Kansa e E. Watrall (eds.), Archaeology 2.0.: new approaches to communication & collaboration. Cotsen Digital Archaeology Series 1 (pp. 57-92, Ch. 2), California: University of California. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvhhhfgw.12
Kansa, E. C. e Kansa, S. W. (2011b). “Beyond BoneCommons: recent developments in zooarchaeological data sharing”. The SAA archaeological record 11(1), 26-29.
Kansa, S. W. e Deblauwe, F. (2011). “User-generated content in Zooarchaeology: exploring the “middle space” of scholarly communication”. Em: E. C. Kansa, S. W. Kansa e E. Watrall (eds.), Archaeology 2.0.: new approaches to communication & collaboration. Cotsen Digital Archaeology Series 1 (pp. 185-206, Ch. 7), California: University of California. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvhhhfgw.19
Kansa, E. C., Kansa, S. W. e Watrall, E. (eds.) (2011). Archaeology 2.0.: new approaches to communication & collaboration. Cotsen Digital Archaeology Series 1. California: University of California. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvhhhfgw
Kintigh, K. W. e Altschul, J. H. (2010). “Sustaining the Digital Archaeological Record”. Heritage Management 3(2), 264-274. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1179/hma.2010.3.2.264
Laudun, J. (2010). “A technological Ouroboros: searching scholarly narratives in hopes of founding a cyberstructure for the humanities”. Report for the Bamboo initiative. Disponível on-line em https://wiki.projectbamboo.org/pages/worddav/preview.action?pageId=20383219&file-Name=Laudun-bamboo_narratives-10-IEEE.pdf (acesso em 24/06/2012).
Law, M. (2011). “Zooarchaeology on the Internet, a view from Britain”. The SAA archaeological record 11(1), 11-14.
McManamon, F. P. e Kintigh, K. W. (2010). “Digital Antiquity and the Digital Archaeological Record (tDAR): broadening access and ensuring long-term preservation for Digital Archaeological Data”. The CSA Newsletter XXIII(2). Disponível on-line em http://csanet.org/newsletter/fall10/nlf1002.html (acesso em 20/06/2012).
Morris, J. (2009). “Zoobook: a zooarchaeology social network”. International Council for Archaeozoology Newsletter 10(2), 4. Disponível on-line em http://www.alexandriaarchive.org/icaz/icaz_website_formembers/pdf/nfall09.pdf (acesso em 01/07/2012).
Morris, J. (2011). Zoobook: archaeologists connecting through social media. The SAA archaeological record 10(1), 30-32.
National Information Standards Organization (2004). Understanding metadata. Bethesda: Niso Press. Disponível on-line em www.niso.org (acesso em 30-06-2012).
Nicholas, G. P. e Bannister, K. P. (2004). “Copyrighting the past? Emerging intellectual property rights issues in Archaeology”. Current Anthropology 45(3), 327–350. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/382251
Nivan, L., Steele, T. E., Finke, H., Gernat, T. e Hublin, J. (2009). “Virtual skeletons: using a structured light scanner to create a 3D faunal comparative collection”. Journal of Archaeological Science 36, 2018-2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2009.05.021
Pavao-Zuckerman, B., Karl, R. e Chamblee, J. F. (2011). “FaunAZ: Arizona’s Archaeofaunal Index.” The SAA archaeological record 11(1), 33-36.
Schatz, B. R. (1997). “Information retrieval in digital libraries: bringing search to the net”. Science 275(5298), 327-334. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.275.5298.327
Powell, W. W. e Snellman, K. (2004). “The Knowledge Economy”. Annual Review of Sociology 30, 199–220. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100037
Reitz, E. J. e Wing, E. S. (2008). Zooarchaeology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511841354
Ross, K. A., Janevski, A. e Stoyanovich, J. (2005). “A faceted query engine applied to archaeology”. Proceedings of the 31 st International Conference on Very Large Data Bases. Trondheim: ACM. Disponível on-line em http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~jstoy/documents/vldb-demo.pdf (acesso em 28/06/2012).
Shanks, M. (2008). “Post Processual Archaeology and After”. Em: R. A. Bentley, H. D. G. Maschner e C. Chippindale (eds.), Handbook of Archaeological Theories (pp. 133-146), Lanham/Maryland: Altamira Press.
Spielmann, K. A. e Kintigh, K. W. (2011). “The Digital Archaeological Record: the potentials of archaeozoological data integration through tDAR. The SAA archaeological record 11(1), 22-25.
Svensson, P. (2009). “Humanities computing as digital humanities”. Digital Humanities Quarterly, 3(3). Disponível on-line em http://digitalhumanities.org (acesso em 02/07/2012).
Thomson, H. (2008). Wikis, Blogs & Web 2.0 technology. Manager: Copyright & Information Policy of Melbourne University. Melbourne: University of Melbourne. Disponível on-line em http://www.unimelb.edu.au/copyright/information/guides/wikisblogsweb2blue.pdf (acesso em 06/07/2012).
University of Michigan (2012). Data administration guidelines for institutional data resources. The University of Michigan, Information and Technology Services. Disponível on-line em http:// www.mais.umich.edu/access/download/daguide.pdf (acesso em 06/07/2012).
Unsworth, J. (2004). “The Value of Digitization for Libraries and Humanities Scholarship.” Innodata Isogen Symposium, The Newberry Library, May 17. Disponível em linha em http:// people.lis.illinois.edu/~unsworth/newberry.04.html (acesso em 12/07/2012).
Weber, J. A. e Malone, E. (2011). “Exporting virtual material culture: cheap and easy methods to preserve and share data”. The SAA archaeological record 11(1), 15-18.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Aquellos autores/as que publiquen con esta revista, aceptan los términos siguientes:
- Los autores/as conservarán los derechos morales sobre la obra y cederán a la revista los derechos comerciales.
- Transcurrido 1 año desde su publicación, la versión del editor pasará a estar en acceso abierto en la web de la editorial, pero la revista mantendrá el copyright de la obra.
- En el caso de que los autores deseen asignar una licencia abierta Creative Commons (CC), podrán solicitarla escribiendo a publishing@eagora.org.
